Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Essay

Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving HusbandAnne Bradstreets poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband, shows her profound cope and undying affection for her husband. For a Puritan woman who is supposed to be reserved, Bradstreet makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. She conveys this message through her figurative language and fact mood tone by using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes.Over and over again she expresses her adoration for him with imagery. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the wealth that the east doth hold. My love is such that rivers can not quench,... (5-7). Bradstreet is declaring there is nothing as powerful as the love she shares with her husband which is untouchable and eternal. These three line...

Recruiting Changes in College Football :: Essays Papers

Recruiting Changes in College football gameWith the recent controversy and scandal surrounding the University of Colorado and the college football world, this off season has been one of the busiest ever. College Football has experienced an eye-opening revelation and these experiences call for major changes in the traditional recruiting practices. Last month, stories surfaced ab bring out the University of Colorado using sex, alcohol, and parties to lure blue chip recruits to their program. While these types of actions are prevalent at every major football program, this is the first time that they have been officially exposed. This exposure has started a chain-reaction of changes to the recruiting part of college football and has grabbed the attention of the unify States Congress. The involvement of the most powerful government in the world shows the seriousness of the present mooring and also that these inappropriate recruiting practices are not going to be ignored any longer. Th e face of college football will change dramatically and the results of this scandal will have a lasting impact for decades to come. For any somebody who follows college football and has a favorite team, this is an important issue because the traditional way that many of us have come to love, is about to disappear. It is amazing how an isolated incident, such as the one at Colorado, can incite such a large frenzy and call for change. The scandal started with a former recruit carnal knowledge his experiences during his college visit in Boulder at the University of Colorado. His stories included wild parties with unlimited amounts of alcohol and the open availability to sex with the women of his choosing. The term used for these parties was sex parties and recruits were told that the women would commit any sexual act he desired. After the recruit made his experiences public, other stories began to surface from other recruits who had similar experiences at Colorado and other schools. The situation came to a boil when a former female player accused some of her team mates of sexual assault at one of these parties. another(prenominal) students came forward with similar allegations of football players forcing sex from females at their parties. What started as small story ballooned into a very situation and it became very obvious that the recruiting game was out of control and in need of major change. After the stories surfaced out of Boulder, Colorado more stories began to surface around the country and even Brigham Young University kicked off 4 players for sexual misconduct.

ph levels Essay -- essays research papers

IntroductionIn 1909 S.P.L. Sorensen published a paper in Biochem Z in which he discussed the feat of H1+ ions on the activity of enzymes. In the paper he invented the term pH to describe this effect and delineate it as the -logH1+ . In 1924 Sorensen realized that the pH of a solution is a function of the "activity" of the H1+ ion not the concentration and published a second paper on the subject. A better definition would be pH=-logaH1+ , where aH1+ denotes the activity of the H1+ ion. The activity of an ion is a function of many variables of which concentration is one. It is unfortunate that chemistry texts use a definition for pH that has been obsolete for over 50 years. Because of the difficulty in accurately measuring the activity of the H1+ ion for most solutions the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has defined pH as the reading on a pH meter that has been standardized against standard buffers. The fo llowing equation is used to calculate the pH of each(prenominal) solutions The activity of the H1+ ion is determined as accurately as possible for the standard solutions used. The identity of these solutions vary from one authority to another, but all give the analogous values of pH to 0.005 pH unit. The historical definition of pH is correct for those solutions that are so dilute and so pure the H1+ ions are not influenced by anything but the solvent molecules (usually water). In most solutions the pH ...

Free Essays - Use of Excessiveness in Twelfth Night :: Twelfth Night essays

Use of Excessiveness in Twelfth Night     There are many methods to catching an audiences attention. Shakespeare for example, uses the method of excessiveness in his characters. Proof of this is shown in various forms throughout the novel, beginning with Orsinos obsessed love of Olivia. Then followed by Olivias mourning for her long lost brother, and then her sudden change in interest. As well as thirdly, Violas attitude of excess towards Orsino, we can see the method used for yet another time. The first Act jumps quickly into this form of excessiveness, design the reader into the novel, and gives personality to the characters.   The thought of somebody being in love with another, whom they have never met, and never spoken to, is pure insanity. This man is clearly ridiculous with this woman to an excess. He is a perfect example of excess, since he is the first to mention it, and shows it rather clearly in his actions towards Olivia. He sends her messenger s, calls about her all the time, and all(prenominal) move he makes, is somehow related to her, although she has no idea who he is.   Olivia herself, is another prime example of excess. Olivia shows it in two main ways starting with the mourning of her brother and fathers death. Mourning, on a whole is a good normal thing, but in excess, (in this case, 7 years), is too much. She needs to move on with her life, and go on and do things, but she doesnt realize this until the spotting of Viola/Cesario, which brings me to her second way. Olivia becomes excessive over her/him, sending her messenger out to fetch him, notwithstanding so she can see her/him again.   Our third of many examples of excess in this act, is Violas love for Orsino. Instead of leaving the country she was brought to and go back home want any other person, she disguises as an eunuch, so she can work for him. She would do anything to make him happy, even help him get Olivias love, just for him to notice her. I think that, qualifies for excessiveness in this play.   As you can tell, Shakespeare used many examples of excess in his writing, from the very start of the first scene.

Weight Issues In Wrestling :: Health Nutrition Essays

Weight Issues In Wrestling What do Billy Saylor (19 years old) at Campbell University in North Carolina, Joseph LaRosa (22) at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, and Jeff Reese (21) at the University of Michigan entirely have in common? They are all dead now, victims of one of the ghastly secrets of college wrestling. All three boys were engaged in dehydrating practices trying to lose lean in order to qualify for their first college-wrestling matches. Reese was trying to lose 17 pounds so that he could wrestle in the 150-pound weight class. His two-hour workout in a rubber accommodate in a 92-degree room cost him his life. He died of rhabdomyolysis -- a cellular breakdown of skeletal muscle under conditions of profligate exercise, which, combine with dehydration, resulted in kidney failure and heart malfunction (Iowa Gazette - December 22, 1997). LaRosa was also riding a stationary bike and wearing a rubber suit when he collapsed and died. Saylor was riding a stationary bike in a predawn workout when he suffered a heart attack (Washington Post - January 14, 1998). Physicians are of the consensus that excessive dehydration as a means to lose weight rear end harm bodily functions, possibly leading to kidney failure, heat stroke or a heart attack. Why then do the wrestlers engage in these dangerous activities? Legendary University of Iowa wrestling coach Dan Gable had this to say in an ESPN report They (wrestlers) cogitate they are indestructible. But Ill tell you what -- those three athletes thought they were indestructible, too. And they arent around to talk about it.Wrestlers believe that it is mind over body they can accomplish anything and nothing bad will ever happen to them. So, LaRosas behavior on that fatal day in November wasnt anything out of the mean(a) for many college wrestlers. He was wearing sweats over a rubber suit and riding a stationary bike in a steam-filled shower room. His body temperature reached 108 degrees. He was trying to m ake weight for his match the next day, and wrestlings rules did little to discourage such dangerous practices. The logic in wrestling is to make the lowest weight you can in the weigh-ins, which are 24 hours before the match. Then you can replenish and rehydrate your body over the cartroad of the 24 hours between the weigh-in and the match. This will give you an advantage in the competition because you really will be bigger and stronger then most of the wrestlers in that get weight class.

Weight Issues In Wrestling :: Health Nutrition Essays

Weight Issues In Wrestling What do Billy Saylor (19 years old) at Campbell University in North Carolina, Joseph LaRosa (22) at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, and Jeff Reese (21) at the University of Michigan all have in common? They are all dead now, victims of one of the ghastly secrets of college rassling. any three boys were engaged in dehydrating practices trying to lose weight in order to qualify for their first college-wrestling matches. Reese was trying to lose 17 pounds so that he could wrestle in the 150-pound weight class. His two-hour workout in a rubber suit in a 92-degree room cost him his life. He died of rhabdomyolysis -- a cellular breakdown of skeletal muscle under conditions of excessive exercise, which, combined with dehydration, resulted in kidney failure and heart malfunction (Iowa Gazette - December 22, 1997). LaRosa was also move a stationary bike and wearing a rubber suit when he collapsed and died. Saylor was riding a stationary bike in a predawn w orkout when he suffered a heart attack (Washington Post - January 14, 1998). Physicians are of the consensus that excessive dehydration as a means to lose weight can harm sensible functions, possibly leading to kidney failure, heat stroke or a heart attack. Why then do the wrestlers engage in these dangerous activities? Legendary University of Iowa wrestling coach Dan Gable had this to say in an ESPN report They (wrestlers) think they are indestructible. But Ill tell you what -- those three athletes thought they were indestructible, too. And they arent around to conversation about it.Wrestlers believe that it is mind over body they can accomplish anything and nothing bad leave behind ever happen to them. So, LaRosas behavior on that fatal day in November wasnt anything out of the ordinary for many college wrestlers. He was wearing sweats over a rubber suit and riding a stationary bike in a steam-filled shower room. His body temperature reached 108 degrees. He was trying to make w eight for his match the next day, and wrestlings rules did little to discourage such dangerous practices. The logic in wrestling is to make the lowest weight you can in the weigh-ins, which are 24 hours sooner the match. Then you can replenish and rehydrate your body over the course of the 24 hours between the weigh-in and the match. This will give you an advantage in the competition because you really will be bigger and stronger then most of the wrestlers in that lower weight class.

Jealousy in Othello: the Cause of Chaos

Jealousy can be found everywhere around us. Between the ones we love, or even surrounded by the ones we hate. Jealousy may besides serve different purposes. It can be used as building blocks to build up the relationship, but it can act as a hurricane and fluff every matter down. In William Shakespeares Othello, the namesake protagonists tragic defacements are possessiveness, insecurity, and loyalty, which fail to serve his ability to see past his feelings. Othellos first tragic flaw is possessiveness. Othello was a high-ranking soldier who worked in the army, which would have increased his masculinity in comparison to other men.This may be a reason for developing the idea of men being greater and more powerful than women. This idea of him being at a higher level may have resulted him into view that he possessed Desdemona, and that nobody else could have her if he could not. Sexual possessiveness come from male personality traits, and that the traditional perception of masculini ty indicates that male has full power, and control, which runs answer to his dependency upon his wife(Ben Zeev). Othello explains that the reason he killed Desdemona was because of her af clean-living with Cassio. Ay with Cassio, Had he been true, If heaven would make me such another world Of one entire and perfect chrysolite, Id not have sold her for it (5. 2. 155158). He ended up killing Desdemona because of his possessiveness. If she loved Cassio then she needs to be killed, even though he tells Emilia that he loved Desdemona so much that he would not have traded her for anything in the world. Othellos envious emotion overpowered his actions, not and because of his possessive attribute, but also because of his insecurity. Othello was different than everyone else in Venice and Cyprus.Because was a Moor, he was constantly bashed upon with racial comments and was treated unfair because of his race. Whether a maid so tender, fair and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The Wealthy curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have, tincure a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou- (1. 2. 6974). Barbantio, the father of Desdemona, was against his daughters marriage because Othello was black. Despite Othellos high social status, rank, money and respect, Barbantio refused to accept Othello as his son-in-law. Now for insufficiency of these required conveniences, her delicate tenderness will find itself abused, begin to have gorge, disrelish and abhor the moor. Very nature will instruct her in it and compel her to nigh second choice (2. 1. 1116). Iago said this to Othello, persuading him of the rumour between Desdemona and Cassio was due to Othellos race. Iago states that Desdemona will soon find a man like her own, and abjure Othello, because he is different. When the man perceives the woman to be his whole world, he feels that any separation from her entails a loss of his own identity (Ben-Zeev).When Othello bel ieved that the affair between Cassio and Desdemona was true, he could have felt like he lost his identity, making him insecure and more unsafe to jealousy. Lastly, Othellos tragic flaw is that he is loyal. Othello was a very honorable man, and trusted Iago, a little too much. This is shown when Othello repeats Honest Iago numerous times throughout the play. Iago tried to destroy Othello with his cunning talking to and actions, by betraying and abusing Othellos trust, persuading him into thinking that he was an honest man. I think thou dost.And for I know thourt full of love and honesty And weighst thy words before thou givst breath (3. 3. 123125). It is not wrong to say that Othellos insecurities developed his trust towards Iago. When you are insecure, one of the escape routes you choose is to depend on someone else. If you have no one to trust, then you can feel fear and paranoia, and to get rid of these emotions, your instinct is to rely on someone else (Wilder). Othellos insecu rities lead to Othellos reliance towards Iago, and his faith and royalty prevented him from seeing past his jealous feelings.As a tragic hero, Othello has tragic flaws, and his flaws make him more vulnerable towards jealousy. Throughout the play, Othello showed three traits his possessiveness towards Desdemona, insecurity towards himself and loyalty towards Iago. These three characteristics created a home for the green-eyed monster to grow freehandger, and create chaos. Othellos jealous feelings grew so big that it could not be controlled. Jealousy can be a healthy to maintain a relationship between two people, but if it is abused, it can be dangerous.

Swot of Mamee

MAMEE Double-Decker has many things going for it, among them, a good financial track record, a strong match sheet, great brands and reasonably good dividend payouts, which definitely makes it worth noting. MOST KIDS PROBABLY KNOW the blue monster and most adults have believably met them as well. Fear not as we are just talking about the ever-famous Mamee Monster chomp food, which comes mainly in small packets that are consumed daily by its ardent fans.That probably sums up the public face of listed Mamee Double-Decker Bhd, the company which produces this classic snack food. But while the blue monster remains the ever-lovable monster, the company has outgrown it and today, Mamee is actually whiz of the leading snack manufacturers in the country with a strong presence in the export market as well. And it has certainly more than enough snack food brand names in its current stable, and in noodles and cultured milk production as well.Do Mamee Monster, Mamee Instant, Mister Potato and Sllrrp Noodles and Double Decker sound well-known(prenominal)? How about Cheers and Nutrigen? These are the companys famous brands, which are likely to strike a chord with most consumers who consume them frequently. Still, the company itself despite being listed since 1992 is probably slight familiar to investors than consumers.So, it is rather interesting somewhat to know that Mamee is actually a fundamentally strong and healthy company with growth potential as it expands its dispersal network further and invests in new potato crisp lines to broaden its range of snacks. This is true for at least local research house, OSK Research, which initiated coverage on the company recently and pegged an RM4. 00 target price for the stock. It cites that Mamee is worth a BUY despite the stock having almost rallied 30% of late, citing the current strong sentiment on consumer counters.

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay

The evolution of criminal justice is to reform laws for the reason for providing protection to law-abiding citizens. Individuals that have commit crime allow for accept punishment for give tongue to crime when p go upcuted and convicted under the court of law. Prison policies implement punitive actions for certain crimes committed, which assist the courts in sentencing accordingly. Prison policies argon designed to keep violent criminals incarcerated, and possibly deter future crime. Individuals convicted of certain crimes may face lengthier metres than that of a convicted criminal which is currently serving his or her sentence for the same crime committed in a different era. The reason for the difference in sentencing is that prison house policies are constantly reforming. Therefore, prison policies pertaining to individuals convicted of armed robbery are under review, like all bills to be passed there is constant prohibition. Robbery occurs when property from a person, place, or bank is taken by force. fortify robbery is using a type of weapon to take possession of something, which results as more of a serious crime than robbery. According to Criminal Pages (2011), gird robbery is the taking of said property, but with the use of a spell or other taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other weapon. Just by including a weapon in a particular robbery crime, a robbery can be viewed with a lot more seriousness. Even if the person who committed the robbery mentions a weapon or uses a fake weapon can still be charged as committing armed robbery, and the crime is considered to be a felony. The amount of time an individual can receive incarcerated solely depends on the states tolerance for said such crime as well as the ruling from the presiding judge. The bill to be voted on is to parallel the upper limit sentence for criminals convicted of armed robbery. Before voter turnout on the bill, it will be a good idea for legislature officials t o review the statistics of armed robbery compared to normal robbery crimes.Citizens also have the indemnify to be informed of the workable changes and can have his or her voices be heard toward the bill. The only consideration that must be carefully reviewed and express is the prison policy would enforce only to those who commitrobbery with a weapon in intent to harm others. Murder investigations are tied to armed robbery because the robbery was out of hand, and as a result ended with the murder or injury of victim. The preliminary investigation has revealed that just aft(prenominal) 900 p.m., triad armed suspects enter the home. The suspects took various properties from the homes occupants. Simons then arrived at the home a short time later and attempted to flee after seeing the armed suspects. At least one of the suspects shot Simons as he was trying to flee (Criminal Pages, 2011). This bill will be good for the world by giving them security, and acquiring the public trust in the criminal justice system.The bill will also allow the judicial system to augment long sentences, and keep the violent criminal offenders in prison for the duration of their sentence. Many others would vote against the bill because low time offenders should deserve a endorsement chance if no injury or death was a result of the robbery. With arm robbery, the second change should not apply because a weapon was employ and that shows the intention of using it. A second chance should be considered if the crime is conducted by a juvenile because a juvenile has time to change, and deserves help from replenishment services. The recommendation as a criminologist, the state legislator would prefer to not vote for the bill governing the double maximum prison sentence for convicted armed robbery. The possible reasons for not voting in favor of the bill are based on a ethical corrupt foundation by which incarcerating an individual for half(a) if not three quarters of their life for armed robbery is not ethical because people can be reformed, and rehabilitated.For some individuals convicted of armed robbery do it for survival, a means to an end and many convicted offenders of such said crime disclose they did not intend to hurt anyone. If murder was intended, the offender can be convicted with high possibilities of receiving a double maximum sentence. The sentence will attempt to punish the convicted criminal through incarceration, counseling by teaching the convicted offender a valuable lesson, and would attempt to provide justice to the victim or victims through restorative justice. The bill would be very ineffective for the reason for increasing maximum sentence has a poor affect in deterring criminals.Butterfield (2011), Despite the prison-construction boom of recent years, the rate at which inmates released from prison committed new crimes actually rose from 1983 to 1994, suggestingthat the increased number of criminals put behind bars has not been an effective deterrent to crime, according to a Justice Department study released today. Convicted criminals released from prison a lot commit the crime again. According to Crime in America (2010), Most former convicts were rearrested shortly after getting out of prison 30% within six months, 44% within a year, 59% within two years and 67% by the end of three years (2002 Study). Therefore, the bill to double maximum sentence for armed robbery will be ineffective and should be denied.Prison policy writing comes in a form of a bill that must be voted on by the state legislator. The bill to be voted on is the maximum sentence for armed robbery should be doubled. The project of the bill will provide society with an advantage of incarcerating the criminal that allegedly commit armed robbery. The incarceration of violent offenders that commit armed robbery will provide some closure to the victims. Doubling maximum sentence for convicted criminals that have committed armed robbery is considered inh umane by the criminal society, especially for first time offenses. The bill will be considered an ineffective deterrent because repetitive offenders are usually sent back to incarceration.ReferencesCriminal Pages. (2011).arm Robbery Charges. Retrieved from http//www.criminalpages.com/criminal-records-classification/felony/felony-charges/armed-robbery-charges/ Criminal Pages. (2011). Armed robbery leads to homicide. Retrieved from http//www.abc2news.com/dpp/news/crime_checker/baltimore_city_crime/armed-robbery-leads-to-homicide/ Butterfield, F. (2011). Prison Boom Has Not Deterred Crime, Report Suggests. Retrieved from http//threehegemons.tripod.com/threehegemonsblog/id30.html/ Crime in America. (2010). Percent of Released Prisoners Returning to Incarceration. Retrieved from http//crimeinamerica.net/2010/09/29/percent-of-released-prisoners-returning-to-incarceration/

Obesity and Motor Skills

at that place are 3 areas of Physical development. Gross Motor Skills The use of large muscles in the body and can include things like walking or riding a bike. Fine Motor Skills The use of smaller muscles in the body and including utilize building blocks or juggling, also activities that involve hand-eye coordination. Fine Manipulative skills The use of the arm, hand and wrists muscles and include activities like using a pen. Both fine tug skills and fine manipulative skills are also the use of hands and fingers. This form of development also has a holistic element as it links into the new(prenominal) areas of development Social, Emotional, Intellectual/cognitive, Communication/Language and Creative. When looking at physical development it clearly shows that a childs development begins at the head, consequently it continues down the body. To aid with physical development, children need to be physically active. This can help prevent the harmful effects on wellness and wellb eing in both the long and short term.In the short term, physical activity can boost energy and help children to allow rid of any additional stress or anxiety. It also shows that children are more physically active, have better eating and sleeping habits. They are also less likely to get illnesses like cold and flu bugs. In the long term, physical activity helps with the issue of obesity in children. This can also help with preventing other health problems like heart disease and stage 2 diabetes. It has also been shown to reduce the risk of some forms of cancer. Physically active children also have improved psychological wellbeing.They can gain self confidence and higher self esteem. It is important for children to have lots of space and access to outdoor activities as this can reach all areas of development. Children follow a sequence of development. Gross and fine motor skills are the starting points and lead into other areas. Locomotion uses the large strikements and the tyco on to move around under ones own steam. This begins with a baby learning to first crawl or bum shuffle, and then develop the ability to walk. There is also balance which is the fist of the senses to develop. This is crucial to a childs posture, travail and proprioception.Proprioception is the sense that starts to inform a baby of the areas of the body that are mobile. An framework of this is when a young child rolls backwards and forwards on the floor with no goal insight, they are getting balance ready for sitting, standing and walking. As physical development is linked to the other areas of development, each affect and are affected by the others. Emotional Development if and when a baby masters the ability to crawl, they are then free to explore their environment alone. This makes the child more independent and confident and more likely to cope with separation from familiar adults.Cognitive Development hand-eye coordination help with the ability to reach and grasp at objects, th is develops at around 6 months of age and often results in a surprised reception at first. As babies are interested in edges they soon learn where one object ends and another begins, this area of development is important. Language Development movement activities help children by giving them plenty of opportunities to talk and use new vocabulary that is related to the activity. Social Development learning social skills are achieved when performing with other children. They also learn to appreciate others and help them gain confidence.

Alcoholism: a Menace to the Society Essay

Filipinos savor to intoxication intoxicantic beverages, that is. Drinking sessions argon seen almost everywhere everyday along the streets and sidewalks, inside homes, in carinderia and box seat sari-sari store, and even the upmarket bars and bistros. So phenomenal has been the tumahan tradition that it became the undisputed national pastime and social culture of Filipinos. While local folks love for drinking session might have built many a friendship and warm the cockles of good ole acquaintances, it is, at the same, taking toll on the drinkers health.alcoholic beverageism, overly called alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction, is a destructive pattern of alcohol intention that includes tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, using more alcohol or using it for longer than planned, and trouble reducing its manipulation. Other potential symptoms include spending an inordinate amount of time getting, using, or recovering from the use of alcohol, compromised functioning, a nd/or continuing to use alcohol despite an awareness of the detrimental effects it is having on ones life.Alcoholism is appropriately considered a ailment rather than a weakness of character or chosen pattern of bad behavior. Many souls have become addicted to alcohol. It undoubtedly has something to do with the happy quality of alcohol and the resultant high. According to Vern Mason, it is amazing how many kinds of alcohol can come appear of the same bottle. It all depends whos drinking it. on that point are basically two types of drinkers who may become alcoholic. Some become chronic alcoholics from the outset almost, steadily drinking larger amounts everyday.Others may drink socially or the binge drinkers on weekends. They sort of steadily increase their drinking. The end result is the same, alcoholism. The damaging effect of alcohol stands among the leading public health difficultys in the world. It deserves personal concern and national action if we are to remain sober an d responsible people. Alcohol abuse is a disease that is characterized by the sufferer having a pattern of drinking excessively despite the negative effects of alcohol on the individuals work, medical, legal, educational, and/or social life.Alcohol abuse affects somewhat 10% of women and 20% of men in the United States, most beginning by their mid teens. Signs of alcohol intoxication include the smell of alcohol on the breath or skin, glazed or bloodshot eyes, the person being unusually passive or argumentative, and/or a deterioration in the persons appearance or hygiene. Almost 2,000 people under 21 years of age die each year in car crashes in which underage drinking is involved. Alcohol is involved in nearly half of all violent deaths involving teens.Alcoholism is a destructive pattern of alcohol use that includes a number of symptoms, including tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, using more alcohol and/or for a longer time than planned, and trouble reducing its use. A lcohol, particularly when consumed in excess, can affect teens, women, men, and the elderly quite differently. Risk factors for developing a drinking problem include low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or other mood problem, as well as having parents with alcoholism.Alcohol dependence has no one single cause and is non directly passed from one generation to other genetically. Rather, it is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. There is no one test that definitively indicates that someone has an alcohol-use disorder. Therefore, health-care practitioners diagnose these disorders by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental-health information. Alcohol use increases medical risks.Alcohol seriously interacts with a number of drugs as well as several other medications by either increasing their self-assurance or decreasing their effectiveness. Alcohol also prolongs the length of recovery after anesthesia. (Modern Medicine, pp. 160-165) Some signs of a drinking problem include drinking alone, to escape problems, or for the sole purpose of getting drunk hiding alcohol in odd places getting irritated when you are unable to obtain alcohol to drink and having problems because of your drinking.According to the research of Aileen Ludington and Hans Diehl, alcohol greatly affects the human body Your brain. Alcohol, even in small amounts, causes irreparable damage to brain cells some die and others are altered. Your heart. Alcohol increases the risk of hypertension, stroke, and damage to the heart muscle. Your lungs. Alcohol depresses respiratory functions. Your reproductive system. In men, alcohol can damage cells in the testes, causing impotence, sterility, and possibly enlarged detractors. In women, alcohol can cause irregular menstrual cycles and malfunctioning of the ovaries.Alcohol has also been linked to birth defects in infants and to fetal alcohol syndrome. Your liver-colored. Because your liver must fi lter alcohol from the blood, alcohol affects it more than any other organ of your body. Excess calories in alcohol are stored as fat in the liver. Functioning liver cells die from alcoholic poisoning. Scar tissue replaces dead cells, causing cirrhosis. Your immune system. Alcohol weakens the bodys defense against infection and breast cancer. Therefore, I conclude that alcoholism is a disease found in every social and economic class, in every country in the world.The problem is stinging an alcoholic cannot control the amount he or she drinks occasional drinkers may dive into the alcohol problem with unretentive control on those little drinking bout. In learning that alcoholism is an illness, a child is provided with a cognitive means by which to understand a confusing, often traumatizing, emotional experience. This could weave from a simple conceptualization to a more empathetic understanding of his or her parent. Relabeling the parents behavior helps the child feel less out of con trol.Learning that it is an illness not caused by the child also to helps to improve the childs reality-testing and reduces anxiety, anger, and guilt. (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Underage Drinking. Alcohol appal 67 Jan. 2006. ) Trusted adults, clergymen or guidance counselors are worthy ones to be sought for advice. The important thing is to reach out. And if youre ashamed of your family, try not to be. Many people understand that alcoholism is a disease, you neednt let shame burden you. Diverting your attention, being preoccupied with worthwhile activities can do a lot to your nerves.

Van Helsing and the Unorthodox Monster Narrative

Rebecca Scheinert Monsters and Myths September 16th 2012 wagon train Helsing and Unorthodox Monster Narrative Monsters have perplex a regular fixture in the contemporary movie industry nevertheless it is important to remember these supernatural creatures were born from ancestors in nineteenth atomic number 6 gothic literature. These creatures were a cultural product of the social, scientific, and psychological concerns of a society that had lost its faith in worship. Each hellion was a verbalism of a ubiquitous fear that remains relevant today.In the 2004 film rendition of Van Helsing, the director Stephen Sommers calls upon the famed vampire hunter from Bram Stokers genus genus genus genus Dracula to recuperate order to a world interweaving the plots of Frankenstein, and The Wolfman. The hero of Van Helsing has been stripped of any memory of his characters history and triumphs but must seek to outfox his enemy aided only my the folklore of 19th century Eastern Europe. Witho ut a sense of identity, Van Helsing accepts this task joined by the beautiful Anna Valerious who is cursed by her ancestors promise to destroy Dracula.The duo must face endless threats, apply knowledge of the occult, and confront their inner demons to reach the climatic final battle with Dracula where they must cling to their disappearing humanity in a world of goliaths. Although Van Helsing and Dracula atomic number 18 dramatic foils for one another, their similarities become as plain as their differences as the storyline develops. In this final scene from Van Hesling, Stephen Sommers employs and distorts handed-down devil mythology to prove to its viewers that the dichotomy between hero and monster is not mutually exclusive.Initially, the physical character of the scene is the vehicle that transports its viewers from the couch in 2012 to the recognized world of monster myths. The viewers acceptance of the conniption is imperative because it invokes a willing suspension of di sbelief from the sense of hearing in which the time-honored mythology of the classic monsters stories is embraced as historical fact (Tudor 121). The horror film musical style employs setting conventionally to facilitate our entry into the fiction where the unbelievable characters and events are embraced (Tudor 122).For this collapseicular scene, the audience finds the characters in an archetypical gothic setting, the laboratory where Frankenstein was created (Van Helsing). In the chivalric tradition, writers built plots around restless spirits, ageless monsters, and unresolved sins of the past that reappear to bedevil modern characters (Worland 12). Stephen Sommers places the characters in their imagined place and time by interweaving Frankensteins middle-European village, Draculas Transylvanian mountains, and The Werewolf of Londons fog-shrouded setting into a location familiar to the genre audience.In this scene, the nineteenth century stylized lab is tall and distinguished with rich architectural detail. In the darkness of night, moments before midnight as indicated by the baroque clock, clusters of fire and blue electrical charges are the only source light. The midnight second is universal type for the time when monsters roam the earth while the men sleep (Philips 515). The evident destruction in the laboratory conveys that it has already failed terrifically. The setting is a reminder that in gothic horror the stakes are high because the struggle is mortal and metaphysical (Worland 17).This elaborate laboratory is paradoxical setting because the events are occurring in a time with scientific knowledge but in a part of the world that remains unchanged by industrialization. Furthermore, by compounding Frankenstein and Dracula, the powers of science are directly conflicting with the religious themes of the legend of Dracula (Tudor 87). While inside the burning laboratory it is evident that both science and religion have failed the characters. The int egration of the monsters settings is only the first device Sommers plays with.Horror operates through the tried strategy of placing stereotypical characters in cumulatively eventful situations which is a structure the audience expects through out the movie (Tudor 112). The genre hero is titled by Andrew Tudor as the expert and given the responsibility of saving the world or disorder back to order. When we enter this scene in the shambled laboratory, it is undeniably recognized as disorder. Tudor goes onto say that Draculas traditional opponent, Van Helsing is the common ancestor of all of the genres experts (114). The original bestows VanHelsing with the capability and knowledge to vanquish Dracula but was written as scholastic and eccentric as a fold to a vampires ruthless charm (114). Sommers introduces Van Helsing in this scene defeated by battle, fragile, limping, and gasping for breathe. Although he is introduced as man, the identifiable wolf scratches across his chest and th e striking of the clock foreshadow his trans salmagundiation into a werewolf monster. Sommers reminds the audience of the human expert and monster foil when Dracula enters as a flying monster and Van Helsing enters as a wounded human.The audience is aware they are rooting for Van Helsing and weary of Dracula. Furthermore, Van Helsings monster is a werewolf, who are seen as demonic innocents entangled in a complex web of ritualistic expectations (117). A werewolf is a sympathetic monster because the audience can compartmentalize the humanity from the lupine brute(a)ty by his separate physical forms. Van Helsing reluctantly assumes his monster form writhing during his transformation. However, he embraces his fate by tearing off his jacket and engaging in battle.Van Helsings internal conflict between embracing his monster form to complete his task to vanquish Dracula and fearing the loss of his human control is illustrated when he frightens himself from his lupine form into his human form while throttling Dracula. This narrative trick confounds an active audience who is inclined to remain loyal to the expert protagonist who has become what he is destined to destroy. In addition, the characterization of Dracula in the scene manipulates religious iconography to further the juxtaposition between religion and science that was introduced in the setting.In this scene Dracula exhibits the expected traits of a vampire when oratory in his human form. He is elegant clean attractive but evil and manipulative (116). Upon discovering Van Helsing is now a monster as hale he tries to coerce him into joining his fight. Dracula sees all monsters as equals on the side of evil united against humanity and the greater good, as a part of the same great game (Van Helsing). Dracula is a satanic character, the of the evil side in the eternal battle between good and evil.This character analogue is supplemented by the physical characterization of Dracula in his monster form. Sommers emp loys the standard devil veneer with horns, wings, and red coloring as a universal symbol for evil. Dracula is charming and sophisticated in his human form but as a monster he is the hideous disconfigured archetype for evil. This proves to the viewer the existence can be monsters and the monsters can appear as humans. The naked eye cannot discern between what is evil and what is good, even when the monster is as obvious and Judeo-Christian devil.In these cases, Sommers is manipulating with the monster iconography by transforming orthodox characters. Monster iconography has developed through statements, repetition, and variations that the audience has come to understand (Worland 18). There is an expected viewer response of villainy for monsters and empathy for humans, which the director is playing upon. Through this device, he makes the social commentary that any man has the ability to become a monster and there is a monster in all of us.At the same time, he is loyal to the narrativ e by making the expert an empathetic monster and Dracula a deceiving monster. Ultimately, the audiences psychological response to the scene is necessary for Sommers to manipulate the genres traditions and mythology effectively. Through out the scene there is a shock cycle of emphasis construction and release. Within the smaller context of a singular scene, the microscopic shock cycle will build and release pressure, keeping viewers move until end (Tudor 109).There is relief with the grotesque and painful end of Dracula. Rick Worland titles this event a bad death that challenges the traditional conceptions of mortality and the social good (8). The audience does not feel sadness for the revolting murder of Dracula but they experience devastation at the loss of Anna. Although Annas death is more affect to the audience, the producers do not let us see her bad death. Anna is mauled by Van Helsing as a werewolf as well but in a moment of suspense and ambiguity we can only see the back of the werewolfs body.While the audience waites this genre for the suspense and gore, it is quieten troublesome to see the end of the heroine. The audience can digest her death as a necessary sacrifice and the final shock rather than cruel an unusual when they are spared the visual impact of her death. This can also be looked at through a Freudian perspective. Freud advocated a resonation of the return of any actions or desires repressed by the dominant social order through experiences such as watching horror movies or nightmares (Worland 15).All of the audience members have felt repression, whether it is from an outside societal source or an internal repression of feelings or memories. The monster is a manifestation of this repression. All varieties of repression can be overcome by vicariously reinforcement through this scene because the monster is both a triumphant hero and a defeated antagonist. In the end there is silence and the tension is released because both monster thre ats has been nullified. Antithetically, because of the dual bad deaths, the audience is left to contemplate if the ends justified the means.The audience has released their feelings of repression through the shock cycle but is left to contemplate the problematic victory and the tragic death long after the scene is complete. At the heart of this scene, Sommers challenges viewers to question the traditional protagonist and antagonist relationship in the movie and with the audience. He does this by presenting characters and settings that elicit expectations for the course of the scenes plotline. Then, by choosing a different path, there is a psychological response from the booked viewer.Over the course of the brief scene, there are series of surprises that are not from the blood and gore but from the distortion of century old stories. At the shutting of the scene, the audience has worked through feelings of repression by witnessing the destruction of two monsters and the death of two characters but are more importantly inspired to question what the true manifestation of good and evil are. Works Cited Phillips, William H. Film An Introduction. Boston Bedford/St.Martins, 1999. Print. Tudor, Andrew. Monsters and Mad Scientists A Cultural History of the Horror Movie. Oxford England B. Blackwell, 1989. Print. Van Helsing . Dir. Stephen Sommers. Perf. Hugh Jackman and Kate Beckinsale. Universal, 2004. DVD. Van Helsing . YouTube. YouTube, 16 June 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=jr60kvuKw3w. Worland, Rick. The Horror Film An Introduction. Malden, MA Blackwell Pub. , 2007. Print.

Marketing Pencil

INDEX Ac receiptledgement Executive Summary Introduction to the commercialize Definition to the grocery storeing aim Impact of Environmental factors merchandise Plan for pencils Category analysis Current market situation Customer analysis selling strategy convergence development process Brand name, Brand equity, Brand image Segmentation and Tar unhorseing Profile of verdant market in general Marketing Mix and Integrated Marketing Communication Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We extent our thanks to Mrs. Saima Hussain faculty guide who has given me moral support to do my image score.We as wellhead extend our thankfulness to our beloved p bents and friends for their continuous encouragement at every moment It is our privilege to express our profound in deftness, deep intellect of gratitude to our facility guide who had trusts in our ability in assigning us such an classical and interesting project and to a fault for scarcelyotting meter for discussing a nd clarifying issues link to this project. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A marketing plan is a written document that contains the guidelines for the business centers and allocation all over the planning period. This project is made on the basis for the marketing plan for the pencils.In our project our comp any(prenominal)(prenominal) is i. e. , of Torres atomic number 18 introducing their revolutionary pencils merchandise. The names of the pencils atomic number 18 the Shesham pencils. If our company introduces sassy pencils and suffer to sell it in the market then we drive to firstly write down a market plan for it. That promoter we stimulate to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We deal to analyze the encounter of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do fractionation, target and positi 1d the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the heaps.The more than than concise a marketing plan i s the ameliorate it go out serve you. These are the guidelines for write a strategic marketing plan that assembles the specific requirements of your business. We giveing outlet you through the development process step-by-step with easy to fol woeful planning sheets to occur you through each stage. After that we have to choose contrasting modes of confabulation for the trades agreement, promotion of our merchandise. The format let ins a fully developed sample plan and is be aftered to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on unlike aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to an several(predicate).MARKET intentionNING FOR THE PENCILS (SHESHAM PENCILS) INTRODUCTIONBangladesh is al ways said a country of villages and it is fact as Bangladesh 60% of population lives in villages, and it is said that agrarian market has been growing at five times the pace of the urban market more government rural development initiatives have been s een to increase rural markets. MARKET Traditionally, a market was a physical place where grease ones palmsers and sellers gather to buy and sell goods. Economist describes a market as a collection of buyers and sellers who transact over a particular Product or crop class.Manufactures go to resources, trafficker buy resources and wind them into good and divine services. MARKET PLANNING It is well and good to include marketing in your business and a lot a few hours a twenty-four hour period to do marketing tasks. But if we do non organize our market plan our efforts won/t get nearly as far as putting . Marketing plan in writing gives you a guideline to work from and it provides goal to strive for and it organize all those creative ideas you have drift around your brain. Firms that is successful in marketing businesses starts with marketing plan.Marketing plan tricknot be made without involving galore(postnominal) people into it. No involvement what kind of feedback you get f rom all parts of your company. This is as important because it take all aspects of your company to mend your marketing plan. Your key people can provide realistic impact on whats achievable and how achievable and how your goals can be worked out. From all the things we can concluded that market plan is very necessary for the successful running of any business operation and to achieve various goals of the business operations in a right manner and in right ways.DEFINITION OF MARKETING PLAN A marketing plan is a written document containing the guidelines for the business centers marketing programs and allocation over the planning period THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS There are two keys perspectives on the marketing environment. , namely the micro environment and macro environment MICRO ENVIRONMENT This environment regulates the organization at present . It includes suppliers that deal at a time and indirectly with consumers and customers and opposite local stake holders. Micr o environment tends to suggest the small precisely this can be misleading.In context, micro describes the relationship between firms consumers and customers directly or indirectly, and other local stakeholders. This includes all factors that can influence an organization, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws (although it is accepted that they could lobby or be part of a trade organization). It is continuously changing, and the company needs to be flexible to adapt. There whitethorn be aggressive competition and rivalry in a market. Globalization means that at that place is always the threat of substitute overlaps and new entrants. The wider nvironment is also changing, and the marketer needs to compensate for counter shifts in culture, politics, economics and technology. All factors that are versed to the organization are known as the internal environment. They are generally audited by applying the Five Ms which are Men, Mone y, Machinery, Materials and Markets. The internal environment is as important for managing change in the external environment. As marketers we call the process of managing internal change is called internal marketing. MACRO ENVIRONMENT Macro environment includes all the external factors that affect our harvest-home .The macro environment includes the factors like technology, political, geographical, and ecological and socio cultural factors that have an impact on the manufacturing of the harvesting. In the manufacturing of pencils we have to keep in the mind that the sociological environment, the society has been changed and due to this the needs, conducts of the customers are also changed. Different kinds of pencils are made fit in to the need and standards of the peoples. Now a high class person wants pencils which are of high choice and provides mend services. The middle class peoples want a pencil that are of low-down price and is not very expensive.So manufacturer produc es the pencils in keeping all these things in mind. The pencils are produced with accordance of the new technology. MARKET PLAN FOR PENCILS If our company introduces new pencils and have to sell it in the market then we have to firstly write down a market plan for it. That means we have to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We have to analyze the impact of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do partation, target and positioned the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the peoples.The more concise a marketing plan is the better it will serve you. These are the guidelines for writing a strategic marketing plan that meets the specific requirements of your business. We will take you through the development process step-by-step with easy to follow planning sheets to lead you through each stage. After that we have to choose variant modes of communication for the barter, promotion of our product. The format includes a fully developed sample plan and is designed to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on different aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to another.PROCESS OF MARKET PLAN social class ANALYSIS The product of our company is the pencils. Our company is introducing a new product of Torres pencils with new unique features, and size. Our company is providing better and unique features to our customers. The competitors of our company are the other pencils stores like, GOLDFISH pencils, and DOLLAR pencils. MARKET SURVEY/ CURRENT MARKET SITUATIONS Market survey is the first step in the market planning . Our Company conducted the market survey for knowing ? The need in the current market situation. To analyze what are the different kinds or types of pencils which are present in the current time in the market. ? The different kinds of features of the pencils, their prices. NEEDS, WANTS AND DEMANDS OF THE CUSTOMERS The market pla n will be started before the manufacturing of the particular product. If we have to make any kind of pencils products, we have to analyze the needs, contends and wants of the customers. take are the basic human requirements. Needs are then converted into wants. Demands are the wants for specific products backed by the ability to pay.We start our market plan by analyzing that whether there is a need want among the customers for the pencils we decide to manufacture and for that we conduct survey, market research for knowing the needs of the customers. For that we have to visit the schools, and whitethorn know the needs of the children by Putting them questions and having their suggestions that what kind of pencils they want for writing ,and knowing from them that what are the difficulties they get from their previous pencils while writing. We need to have different types of people which are using pencils to know their needs.After collecting all the information we have to get a resul t for knowing the needs, wants, and demands of the customers and get ready for make pencils according to the needs wants and demands of the customers. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS The analysis of the competitor is very important aspect because through it we come to know that that our competitor is. The main competitors of our pencils are the other pencils company like GOLDFISH pencils and DOLLAR pencils which are having good position in the market. Our company has to include all those factors in our pencils by which our product look unique and different.Determining the Marketing Mix Product Price Promotion Distribution Goldfish Rs 5 High High Dollar Rs 4 sightly Average CUSTOMERS ANANLYSIS Our Company is targeting different types of customers according to their needs and wants. We are targeting the students of school, colleges. E. GChildrens like pencils having shapes of toys and other attracting things.The persons who have to work in the offices like fair pencils . Other professionals li ke different kinds of pencils so pencils are made according to the needs and wants of these different consumers. ESTABLISHING OBJECTIVES The main object lenss of our company are as follows ? To provide better services to our customers. ? To provide quality pencils to our target customers at the reasonable prices. ? To build a good image in the minds of our customers. ? To increase deals of our product. ? To generate revenues and earnings by the sale of our pencils.MARKETING STRATEGIES For the introduction of new product in the market we have to develop a preliminary strategy plan for introducing our new pencils in the market. The plan rests of three parts. 1. First part describes target markets size, structure, and behavior of the planned product positioning and gross revenue, market share, and bread and the goals sought in the few years by our product. Therefore the target market for our pencil is mainly the childrens of schools and colleges. We will analyze the benefit which comes out by the sale of the pencils. 2. The second part outlines the planned price, distribution strategy, and marketing budget for the first years. This part describes that what are the features or special points of the pencils which we have to made . In it we notice the prices of our different kinds of pencils. Like we chance that the damage of our pencil is Rs 2 each but if the customers buy the recess there cost will be of Rs 8. 00 with a sharpener and eraser free. In it we also determine the different kinds of expenses which are to through with(p) for the introduction of our pencils in the market.Like the expenses done on the sale, promotion, advertizement of pencils in print media. That what are the profits which come to us by the sale of the pencils. As we see that during the first year a substantial amount will be spent on marketing research by audits and consumers panel data to monitor market reaction and buying rates. The entire budget is made in keeping spirit on all these things. 3. The third part of the market strategy plan describes the long run sales and profits goals and market mix strategy over time. As we see that our products would be selling at a very good rate and giving us lots of profits.So we can invest more and more money in it and tries to improve the quality of our pencils by adding new features in it . We will make the product mix and decided to make new kinds of pencils with new innovations and additional features. Market strategy plan is very essential in the business for the proper allocation of revenues, expenditure from the product. It determines all the expenditure done for the sale of our pencils in the market. It also describes that to which segment of the customers we have to sell our pencils and at what price. MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSUp to now the product has existed in only as a word description. The next step moves the jump in the investment that dwarfs the cost incurred in the earlier stages. At this st age the company will determine whether the product idea can be translated into a technically and commercially feasible product. In this step we have to make our ideas, plans about the pencils in truth. In other word we make our pencils according to needs and demands of the customers. carrefour DEVELOPMENT The development of the pencils starts at this step. The jobs of translating target customers requirement are helpful in making of our pencils.We analyze all the collected data from different kinds of customers and make our pencils according to their needs. E. g. The customers have said that they faces a lots of problems during writing because their pencils do not work properly, the points of the pencils get damaged during their writing time due to which they faces a lots of problems. From this we get an idea to use that kind of lead in our pencils which is of high quality and would not get damaged while writing. We adopt the quality function method for manufacturing of our pencils . We develop a pencils according to view taken by the peoples during market research.PRODUCT MIX In product mix we include that what are the additional benefits that we are providing to our customer along with our original products i. e. , in it we can provide some additional services to our customers along with our pencils. We can give customer free sharpener and eraser with the one box of pencils. Along with one pencils peoples gets a free attached eraser. By adding these additional things in our pencils the customers get happy, and it will definitely results in the increase of the customers loyalty towards our product. It will also be helpful in retaining the attention of the customers towards our product.PRODUCT STRENGTHS AND flunk Product strengths and weakness describes the strengths of our pencils that what makes our pencils different from other pencils and what is our weaknesses when compared with others. STRENGTHS OF OUR PRODUCT We should add what kind of features in our p encils that should act as strength of our pencils. We raise the length of our pencils, and provides different shapes of pencils which decided our pencils different from others pencils. The qualifying of giving a free sharpener and an eraser is also helpful in attracting the consumers towards our product.As more and more customer are getting our pencils , these all results in increasing sale of the product and increasing revenues of the company. WEAKNESS OF OUR PRODUCT Our company should also analyze the weakness of our product The main weakness may comes during the sale of the pencils that when we offer a free eraser and sharpener with our pencils whether the company may faces a lot of expenditure. These activities involve the wastage of money by the company. The pencils of other companies like GOLDFISH Pencils and DOLLAR Pencils are the main competitors of our company.Our company has to add the redundant features in our product so that our product gets a different position as c ompared to our competitors product. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT- In the product life cycle management we can describes the product and determines for how much(prenominal) time we should sale our product in the market, whether for a long time or for short period of time. A company positioning and differentiation strategy moldiness change as the product, market, and competitors change over the product life cycle.To say that the products have a life cycle it asserts four things 1. Product has a limited life. 2. Product sale pass through distinct stages and each positioning asserts different challenges, opportunities and problems to the seller. 3. Profits raises and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. 4. Product need different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing and human resource strategies in each life cycle stages. Product life cycle of the pencils depends upon the needs of our customers that for how much time our product sh ould remain in the market.If our pencils do not satisfy the needs of the customers it may comes in the decline stage that results in the extinction of our pencils in the market. Because the customers are not satisfied by our products their demand gets changed due to which our pencils comes in the decline stage. INTRODUCTION At the introduction period there is the slow sale growth of the pencils. At this stage the profits are nonexistent because of the heavy expenses of product introduction. In this phase the customers are not much aware about our pencils.Large amount of promulgatement expense, discounts are given by our company to create cognizance of the customers towards our pencils. GROWTH Rapid market acceptance and substantial profits improvements at growth the product is selling at a high rate. MATURITY A slowdown in the sale growths shows the maturity period. As the sale of our pencils are not under outlet up to the mark. The customers are now not satisfied by our pencils, the pencils do not function according to their needs, which results in the slowdown in the sale of our pencils. The sale declines with the reach of competitors in the market.It may seen that if the new company may introduce a new pencils with new and better features it will results in the decline in the sale of the pencils of our product. DECLINE Decline shows the downward drift and profits erode. At this point the profit from the existing product comes to zero. This stage comes due to the arrival of new competitors in the market and when the customer satisfactions from our pencils are not up to the mark. This stage may come when our pencil do not gives full satisfaction to the consumers. Decline may also comes when the taste and preferences of the consumers gets change.If the decline stage may come in the existing product life it is good for our company to develop a new product according to the needs of the peoples and providing better services to the customers. BRAND NAME, BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND IMAGE Brand is the name ,term, sign, symbol or design or the combination that tends to the goods and services of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them from others those of competitors. A brand is the thus product or service that add dimensions that differentiate it in some way from others products or services designed to satisfy the identical needs.These differences may be functional, rational, or tangible cogitate to product performance of the brand. We give our pencils as the name SHESHAM PENCILS its a new product of Torres pencil company. Branding may helps the consumers to identify our product . The consumers starts determination about the brand satisfy their needs and which ones do not. The brand name can be nurseed through registered trademarks, and packing can be protected through copyrights and designs. SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING MARKET SEGMENTATION Market segmentation is one of the steps that go into defining and targeting specific ma rkets.It is the process of dividing a market into a distinct group of buyers that require different products or marketing mixes. A key factor to success in todays market place is finding acute differences to give a business the marketing edge. Businesses that target specialty markets will promote its products and services more potently than a business aiming at the bonny customer. Opportunities in marketing increase when segmented groups of clients and customers with varying needs and wants are recognized. Markets can be segmented or targeted using a variety of factor. The bases for segmenting consumer markets include Demographical bases (age, family size, life cycle, occupation) Geographical bases (states, regions, countries) Behavior bases (product knowledge, usage, attitudes, responses) Psychographic bases (lifestyle, values, personality) A business must analyze the needs and wants of different market segments before determining their own niche. To be trenchant in market s egmentation keeps the following things in mind Segments or target markets should be accessible to the business each segmented group must be large enough to provide a solid customer base. Each segmented group requires a separate marketing plan. Large companies segment their markets by conducting extensive market research projects. This research is often too expensive for small businesses to invest in, but there are alternative ways for to a small business to segment their markets. A small business can do the following to gain knowledge and information on how to segment their markets 1. Use secondary date resources and qualitative research. You can use the following resources for external secondary data o Trade and association publications and experts o prefatory research publications External measurement services 1. Conduct informal factor and cluster analysis by o Watching key competitors marketing efforts and write them. o Talking to key trade buyers about new product introduct ions o Conducting needs analysis from qualitative research with individuals and groups. There are many reasons for dividing marketing into smaller segments. Any time you suspect there are significant, measurable differences in your market you should consider market segmentation. By doing this you will make marketing easier, discover niche markets, and become more efficient with your marketing resources.TARGETING By doing the segmentation we target the consumers where we have to sell our pencils. The main target are the school childrens and college student and there teachers and professors. In it we have to remain aware of our competitors in order to take competitive advantage and we should be also aware about the consumers who would be buying our product. Why our Company go to rural market? The cost of going global is very high, and it is difficult to venture markets in other countries. It is better to target the rural market as it is growing by the day.Today rural markets are as c ritical as urban markets. The rural markets provide better opportunities. In village vast competition exists. Different companies come with different flavors. So people have ample choice. With only around 100000 of the 638667 villages tapped so far there are large potential and market areas. So we get high percentage of total market though profit margin is less. Now a days villager also spends on luxury & comfort products. After all Dettol is a one type of necessity product. As it plays a role of anti-septic medicine.Media also plays an important role in promotion of goods. The growing reach of the electronic media has created a enormous change in the lifestyle of rural consumer. Profile of rural market in general- The rural market of Pakistan is large and scattered, in the sense that it consist of over 63 core consumers from 6, 38,365 villages spread throughout the country. Nearly 60% of the rural income is from agriculture. Hence rural prosperity is tied with agricultural prospe rity. During the harvest season, the demand for consumer goods in village goes up.The population securing income from non-agricultural sector is now increasing due to rural development programs. The consumers in the village areas do have a low standard of living because of low literacy, low per capita income, social backwardness, low savings, etc. The rural consumer values old customs and traditions. A change is beginning to take place in their outlook because of growth in literacy rate and mass media in the rural areas. Rural consumers have diverse socio-economic background. This is different in different parts of the country. This brings diversity among rural customers and market.The demand pattern of the rural consumers is fast changing. There is new and growing demand for toiletries, ready-made garments, cosmetics, packaged foodstuffs, etc. this change is due to increase in rural income. The infrastructural facilities like roads, warehouses, communication system, and financial f acilities are inadequate in rural areas. Hence physical distribution becomes high-priced due to inadequate infrastructural facilities. The saving habit of the rural community is increasing in the recent years as a result of the efforts put by co-operative and commercial banksMarketing Mix PRODUCT A business needs to consider the products that it produces and the stage of the product life cycle that a product is at. Marketing strategies will vary according to the type of product and its stage in the life cycle. 1. Pencils are very convenient to use and will be easy for customers also to use this product. 2. By providing good quality of Pencils, students will be attracted towards writing and will also be encouraged. 3. Pencils are available in different colors, so a person has choices to select various types in one particular product. . Pencils are available in different prices, so people can buy it as per their affordability. pic PLACE This generally refers to the physical locations of product sales as well as the methods of distribution. However, it is also considered to be the place or position in the market of the product refer to information below. Businesses need to make many decisions related to place access, parking, competition, physical location etc. Its the most important P in the pencil wars Place. And nothing evokes more passion in distribution.We have chosen the different zones especially south schools and colleges and west zones as intense interest is shown by nearby villages of it. We had chosen these places due to following reasons In these areas literacy rate is better than other areas. So WHERE THERE IS WILL, THERE IS A panache. As people living in this area have mostly standard income so they can purchase our product pencils as they are tattily and in a better way available. There is a lot of scope of expansion as these areas are surrounded by various other villages so great scope of expansion is there.PRICE Most businesses use a cost plu s method for setting the prices of their products. This involves determining unit production cost and then adding in a profit margin. However, many other factors are involved. Consider perceived price (what you think consumers will be prepared to pay), demand elasticity (is it elastic or inelastic? ), competitors price (can you afford to undercut their prices? ), pricing objectives (what do you want to achieve increase market share? increased profits? market leadership? etc. ) ExamplePrice is the only factor which decides the presence of the product in the rural market. As people are having standard purchasing power, low income or high group of income persons etc. can afford Shesham pencils as they are available cheaply and in a better way. Hence keeping all the dynamic factors we have decided to go for penetration pricing for our product. We have decided to go with the application of penetration pricing as the people in the rural area are having low income, low purchasing power and we are newly entering the market. The pricing will be in way Small pencils 1 pencil = RS. . /- 10 pencils of pencils box = RS. 9/- Large pencils 1 pencils = RS. 4/- 10 pencils of pencils box= RS. 16/- PROMOTION Promotion is said to be the vital for all companies until now the promotional tools have been acted as the targeting tool apply to attract huge demand for rural people and also huge demand for companys product. The promotional strategies are as follows- A new innovative coarse aspect followed by me to attract huge attraction towards my product will be the use of head borders. e will make use of tree borders as in rural areas mostly there are villages surrounded by huge and number of trees, so the hoardings at tree border will definitely attract huge demand. We will be putting hoardings on retail shops so that whenever the customer comes over the shop they should easily come to know about the arrival of new Pencils i. e. name of the pencils in the market. We will also pro mote my product through wall paintings. As wall paintings lasts for longer time and through this maximum customer can be attracted.There are some other strategies also like, The role of the influencer or influencing communication cannot be ignored as far as rural Pakistan is concerned. The advertisements that revolve around this very strategy genuinely depend on the influence of different influential people and/or events in the villages to put across the message powerfully with more effect and purchase intention. An example of this kind of advertisement may be brand arcsecond by any influential person in the village like the Intellectual Chaudary or the school master. Events like different festivals and different games and sports competitions actually have a high participation level in the rural Pakistan, as other sources of entertainment are very less in those areas. So, these events and shows offer great opportunity to reach rural Pakistan cost effectively. Different brands spo nsor different events and shows in rural villages, which is actually a cost-effective way to advertise with the participatory strategy. Many brands are venturing into different ways to educate their rural consumers about their brands and their usage through different shows and events.This kind of initiatives actually creates huge awareness about the brand among the interested people in the rural Pakistan. Different health related advertisements like Polio awareness and AIDS awareness programmes involve a show-n-tell strategy of advertising. It includes Press and print, TV, plastic film, Radio, and Point of purchase and Outdoor advertisement. Reach of formal media is low in rural households (Print 18%, TV 27%, Cinema 30%, and Radio 37%) and therefore the marketer has to consider the following points English newspapers and magazines have negligible circulation in rural areas.However local language newspapers and magazines are becoming popular among educated facilities in rural areas . It has made a great impact and large audience has been ex regulated to this mass medium. Organizations have been using TV to communicate with the rural masses. Lifebuoy, Lux, Dalda oil etc. are some of the products advertised via television. Many consumer goods companies and fertilizer companies are using these TV channels to reach the rural customer. Radio reaches large population in rural areas at a relatively low cost. Example Colgate, Brite total, Shan Masala industries are some of the companies using radio communication programme.The farmers have a habit of listening to regional news/agricultural news in the morning and the late evening. The advertisement has to be released during this time to get maximum coverage in rural areas. Another advantage is that the radio commercial can be prepared at short notice to meet the changing needs of the rural folk. Example Release of a pesticide ad at the time of outbreak of a pest or disease in crops. pic This form of media, which inc ludes signboards, wall painting, hoarding, tree boards, bus boards, head teacher boards, product vaunting boards etc. , is cost effective in rural areas.Symbols, pictures and colors should be utilise in POPs meant for rural markets so that they can easily identify the products. Generally rural people prefer bright colors and the marketer should utilize such cues. Display of hangings, festoons and product packs in the shops will catch the attention of prospective buyers. However a clutter of such POP materials of competing companies will not have the desired effect and is to be avoided. It is a way of passing on information relating to goods or services for sale, directly to potential customers through the medium of post. It is a medium employed by the advertiser to bring in a personal touch.In cities lot of junk mail is received by all of us and very often such mails are thrown into the dustbin whereas a villager get very few letters and he is receptive to such mailers. It is an effective and economical medium for communication in rural areas, since it stays there for a long time depending upon the weather limits. The cost of painting one full-blooded foot area is just Rs. 10. Retailers welcome painting of their shops so that the shop will look better. Walls of farm houses, shops and schools are ideal places for painting and the company need not have to pay any rent for the same.The walls have to be painted at least one or two feet from ground level. It is better to take permission of the owner. Very often the owner takes responsibility for taking care of the wall painting. Paintings are to be avoided during election time and rainy season. The matter should be in the form of pictures, slogans for catching the attention of people. Companies marketing TV, fans, branded coffee/tea, toothpaste, pesticides, fertilizers etc. use wall painting as promotion medium in rural areas. These are painted boards of about two square feet in dimension having the picture or name or slogan of the product painted on it.The cost of such a painted board is about Rs. 80. These boards are fixed to the trees on both sides of the village road at a height of about 10 feet from ground level. These boards attract the attention of slow moving vehicles like cycles, bullock carts and tractors and people walking on the road. The condition of roads, even the buses move at slow speed through village road. Fertilizer and pesticide companies in rural areas extensively use tree boards. These are low priced promotion items and can be used by consumer goods companies too. picThese media with effective reach and personalized communication will help in realizing the promotional objectives. Companies to suit the specific requirements of rural communication are using a variety of such media effectively and some of the more important media and methods are given below. Rural people prefer face-to-face communication and farm visits facilitate two-way communication. The advantage is that the sales person can understand the needs and wants of the rural customer by directly discussing with him and answer his queries on products and services. Potential customers in the illage are identified and the companys/distributors representative makes farm-to-farm visits and highlight the benefits of the products. The person carries with him publications in local language and also samples of products. The person does not sell the product but only promotes the use of the product. Very often the local dealer also joins the representative in making farm-to-farm visits. The dealer clarifies the terms and conditions of sale and also makes independent follow up visits for securing orders. pic Group confluxs of rural customers as well as prospects are an important part of interpersonal media.The company is able to pass on the message regarding benefits of the products to a large number of customers through such meetings. Group meeting of key customers are conducted by banks, a gricultural inputs and machinery companies in rural areas. The bankers visit an identified village, get the village people in a common place and explain the various schemes to the villagers. Such meetings could be organized in prosperous villages for promoting consumer durables and two wheelers also. Example Millat Tractors conduct a meeting for tractor owners and they meet in villages to discuss repairs and maintenance of tractors. picPackage is an integral part of the product. Its main purpose is to protect the product during transit, to preserve the quality and to avoid any passage in quality and quantity. The main purpose of this contest is to remind the customer to buy the product as soon as he enters the shop. Another objective is to influence the dealer to stock the product and support the company in increasing the sales. The display contest has to be announced well in offer and promotional materials to be distributed to all the selected dealers in a geographical area. Priz es for best displays are announced to motivate the dealers the contest lasts for about a month.A well-planned product display contest not only increases the involvement of dealers in the companys products but also increases the sales during the contest period. This is used for promoting consumer goods such as shampoos, soaps and toothpaste Each rural market segment has certain special features i. e. they share common life-style traits. They include village sports, religious events, prominent personalities and role models. Examples Textile move maintaining community gardens, Mineral water companies supplying clean drinking water during summer festivals in villages and Consumer goods companies sponsoring Kabaddi. pic PACKAGING The Silent sales man What does a sales man do when you go to a shop or he comes to your house, he first s hows you the product then starts to tell you the features of the product like its brand name, method of production, ingredients (if it is eatable), price e tc. In short he tries to persuade you to buy his product, this same activity is performed by packets of any product but without any use of language this is called silent salesman ship Thus we say that packaging A silent salesman pic Packaging is done for the three reasons 1) To protect the product 2) To make the product easy to carry 3) To make the product attractive. Pencils do not require heavy packaging but still we have come up with the two packaging strategies for our pencils 1) To have a packet of 3 pencils sets 2) To have a packet of 10 pencils sets. The rural Bangladesh is not much developed hence their purchasing power is also not high. Hence, for their convenience we have come up with these packaging strategies.This was also done to reduce the cost of the product so as to supply the product at cheap rates and also for a profitable deal for our company. FEATURES OF PENCIL The pencil is used for writing and if the writing is not dark i. e. it is light then the reader wil l not be able to understand the written matter. Hence we have invented the pencil which would be darker than any other pencil. The goods which are cheaply available with no compromise in quality then those goods or products are like by every consumer. This is the reason why we are coming up with a pencil which would be cheaper.The body of the pencil would be covered with velvet piece or a rubber piece to make the pencil body of either velvet or rubber. This is the extra feature added because this would help the generator to have a firm hold over the pencil and to write faster. The body and its shape also add to the beauty of the product. Hence it is said that in the business world what ever is seen is taken. So the shape or the body of the pencil would be squared shaped which is not at all seen in the market till the date. The pencil is seemed to be incomplete without the rubber.The author might commit a mistake while writing and hence to correct the same rubber is provided at t he end point of the pencil so that there is not an extra expenditure on the purchase of the rubbers. This pencil would be extra long then any other pencil and also at the minimum cost. So with that the buyer would be able to enjoy the good writer pencil for a longer period of time. This pencil would be available at each and every store of the rural market so that there are no extra efforts taken by the customer to come at a long distance for the purchase of this unique pencil.The pencil is a kind of a product which is mostly used by children and the children enjoy watching cartoons or such characters which seems to be funny. So then the children are going to get their favorite cartoon characters on this lovely pencil which is effectively made for kids but it is not that only kids could enjoy the writing with this pencil but it is for everyone to enjoy the writing with this pencil. The pencil has come up with new innovative feature of fragrance. This means that kids will enjoy goo d hand writing with honied fragrance.This is an added advantage to our product as this idea is not applied to any of the pencil to the date. pic Conclusion Thus looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. A radical change in attitudes of marketers towards the vibrant and burgeoning rural markets is called for, so they can successfully impress on the millions rural consumers spread over approximately thousands of villages in rural Bangladesh.Eurosif European loving Investment Hamida Kawser Student of UIU Second samaster BBA Departmeny Road Number 27 Dhanmondi Dhaka 30. 03. 2013 Respected Sir. I am submitting you my report on automobile companies and associated risk and opportunities these pose for long-term return. Perpose behind preparing automobile report is to have an idea about how au tomobile companies grew through decades. So that we can use this quality information in Bangladesh industry and even in our personnal business field. pic pic pic

Entity Selection Essay

Facts After 20+ years of working for some other firms, Penelope (enrolled jump onnt, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43), and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they argon currently employed by and be fix their knowledge bosses. Penelope excessizes in evaluatees, Mark is the auditor, and John is a business valuation expert. There argon so many options available as to how they can social system the spick-and-span business. The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) lead depend on their particular features and circumstances. You argon a entertaind colleague and friend of this threesome, and they wee come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves but are looking for the advice of an unbiased third party. Please consider the following appraise and nontax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark, and John.Part I Discuss the various forms of shaping that are availa ble to Penelope, Mark, and John. In general terms, the entity that you allow for be choosing go forth be some form of federation. In broad definition, a confederacy is delimitate as a single business where two or more people share result power, with s eerally partner bringing specific contributions to the business. Since apiece(prenominal) share of the partnership ordain be taking on specific functions and liability with the partnership, it is extremely important that all agree on the specific structure that the partnership will take. The purpose of this memo is to provide an educated and unbiased thought process on what structure that partnership should take. Partnerships are commonly organized as General Partnerships, Joint Ventures, or express Partnerships ( restrain liability).For the purposes of this memo, we will bond to forms of confine Partnerships as the current economic climate necessitates a business structure that limits the liability of its owners. usu al forms of Limited Partnerships are Limited obligation Partnerships (LLP), Limited Liability caller (LLC), S Corporations (S Corp), and C Corporations (C Corp). Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) are similar to generalpartnerships with the exception that they allow two classes of partners those with full management date and those with no in the flesh(predicate) interest or liability beyond their investment (1). On the other hand, a Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a flexible form of business arrangement that melds characteristics of both partnerships and bodied structures. It is technically not a corporation, but a healthy form of business entity that provides limited liability to its owners. to severally one owner in an LLC is considered a penis, with profits and losses being passed through to their individual(prenominal) tax lessens (2). An S Corporation (S Corp) is a type of corporation that is created through a special tax election.This election is beneficial whe n it comes to avoiding double-taxation. If a business is able to meet the S Corporation criteria, it will be able to reap the primary advantage of an S Corp which is tax savings. This is due to the fact that an S Corporation allows its employees to take a reasonable salary, limiting the income subject to income taxes and saving the rest of the corporations profits to be taxed at a lower rate as a distribution (3). Finally, a C Corporation (C Corp) is a separate legal structure formed for a business, protecting ownership and their personal assets from judgments against the company. It is a much more time consuming process to form a C Corporation, as the structure must include shareholders, officers, and directors. Often times, the drawbacks of double taxation and administrative issues cause teeny business owners to seek other alternatives (4).Part II Make your recommendation as to what form of organization you believe will be best, and be sure to explain the reasoning for your choi ce. After careful consideration, it is my opinion that the best business structure for your new venture would be to form and Limited Liability Company (LLC). This structure will provide the company with adequate protection while also establishing safeguards for each(prenominal) penis and his or her personal assets. In this arrangement, each member will be removed from the consequences that could result from another(prenominal) members misconduct or negligence. I place particular emphasis on this fact because I know that all three of you are personal friends outside of the work environment, and I do not want there to be hesitation on anyones part regarded the business for guardianship of damagingthe friendship.In addition to the advantages named above, the LLC will allow each member to have distinctly be roles and management duties, as well as clearly defined ownership menaces and shares of profits and losses. As we will discuss in the coming variances, the formation of the op erating(a) Agreement for the LLC will inspection and repair to clearly establish these roles, allowing each of you to focus solely on your aspect of the business and allowing it to run as smoothly as possible (5).Part III Discuss the tax consequences of contributing cash, property, and/or services to the new entity. Ordinarily, there are no tax consequences on contributions of property or services to a Limited Liability Company. Typically, members can utilize the tax treatment provided by IRC Section 721(a) when it comes to the contribution of property to an LLC. This section states that no loss or gain shall be to the partnership or any of its members in the type of contribution of property to the partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership (6). However, there are exceptions to this rule, particularly when the contribution is an attempt to disguise the sale of property to avoid taxation. In these circumstances, the contributing member would have a taxable gain whe n the sale is completed (7). Cash contributions have similar treatment. They are given in exchange for ownership interest, and as a result, they are not taxable.Part IV Discuss, in detail, how this entity is taxed (if at all) and what filing requirements it has with the IRS. Assuming you will not be making an election to be treated as a corporation (this would require becoming an S Corp or C Corp) the Limited Liability Company will be treated as a partnership. In other words, the LLC is treated by default as a pass through entity, meaning each member will be responsible for his or her portion of the profits on their personal income taxes. All partnerships are need to file Form 1065 with the IRS.This form is the U.S. Return of Partnership Income and it demonstrates the income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits from the operation of the partnership (in this case, the LLC). Each members share of profits will be outlined by the Operating Agreement, which we will discuss further in the next section. Should your LLC decide to split profits and losses in a manner that does not match upwith each members function interest, then you will need to request a special allocation from the IRS (8).Part V Discuss how income and distributions may or will be allocated to Penelope, Mark, and John. Income and distributions will be allocated to each member through the Operating Agreement. In an LLC, the Operating Agreement allows its members to structure the financial and working arrangements in a way that suits the business and each member. In this agreement, the members establish each owners percentage ownership of the LLC, his or her share of profits and losses, the rights and responsibilities of each member, and what will happen to the business if one member decides to leave (9).It also helps to establish the framework for providing each member with a capital account for their portion of ownership. For example, Penelopes percentage ownership in the LLC may be defined by t he percentage of capital she contributes (be it cash, property, etc.) to the business. In turn, this established ownership percentage can be used to determine what proportion of the LLCs profits she is entitled to receive.Part VI Discuss, in detail, how the individuals are taxed (if at all) with respect to the net profits from this entity and what filing requirements they will each have with the IRS. As mentioned previously, a Limited Liability Company is considered a pass through entity unless it makes a special corporate election to be treated otherwise. By utilizing a Limited Liability Company, you are required to report your individual share of profit or loss from the business on your personal tax return. The Limited Liability Company will provide each member with a Schedule K-1, which demonstrates each members share of income, credits, and deductions for the partnership.Each member is then required to report these amounts for both federal and state taxation on their individual Form 1040 and Schedule E (8). Another important distinction to consider when it comes to individual taxation of Limited Liability Company members is the fact that each member is considered self-employed. As a result, each member must remember to make estimated tax payments for income and self-employment taxes on a every quarter basis. Failure to do so may result in penalties on your personal income tax return (8).Part VII Discuss how Penelope, Mark, and John will calculate their basis in the new entity. Be sure to include the impact that debt has on basis, if any. As previously mentioned, the Operating Agreement will help to determine each members basis in the new Limited Liability Company. In general, the tax basis of a member with an interest in an LLC will be equal to the value of any cash or property the member contributed to the LLC. The value of these contributions is shown on the LLCs balance tag in the form of capital accounts for each member. IRC Section 752 describes the regulations involved in treating liabilities (debt) with regards to basis or stake in the partnership.Using this rule, any increase in a partners share of the liabilities of a partnership shall be considered a contribution of money by said partner to the partnership (10). With regards to loans make by a member to the partnership, there are special circumstances to consider. While the loan itself will be treated as a contribution and effectively increase the members proportional share of ownership, the member will also be given the treatment of a creditor if the business were to ever be liquidated. Creditors stand a much better chance of being able to recover a portion of their investment into the LLC than the other members.Part VIII (Limited Liability) Discuss the exposure that Penelope, Mark, and Johns personal assets will have to the debts and lawsuits of the entity you have recommended. As we have discussed throughout this memo, the formation of a Limited Liability Company limit s the exposure of its members to their percentage of ownership or equity interest in the company. This protects the members assets in the event of a business related lawsuit or other form of legal action against the company. In other words, each members exposure will be limited to a fixed sum, akin to the value of the individuals investment into the company. In addition, this means that each member will not be personally liable for the debts of the company. This is a key difference betwixt the Limited Liability Company and other forms of General Partnerships, as members who organize their business in the structure of the latter have unlimited liability (11).References1. http//www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/limited-liability-partnership 2. http//www.sba.gov/content/limited-liability-company-llc3. http//www.sba.gov/content/s-corporation4. https//www.incorporate.com/c_corporation.html5. http//www.rocketlawyer.com/article/why-start-an-llc-limited-liability-company-advantages-and-dis advantages.rl 6. http//www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/7217. http//www.alberty.com/newsletter_summer01.html8. http//www.sba.gov/community/blogs/6-things-you-need-know-about-your-tax-responsibilities-llc 9. https//www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/llc-operating-agreement-30232.html 10. http//www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/75211. http//www.investopedia.com/terms/l/limitedliability.asp