Green Banking: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited

Green groundworkting An Evaluation on Rupali Bank LimitedGreen Banking- Way to Sustainable Development An Evaluation on Rupali Bank LimitedIntroductionBackground of the takeGreen cashboxing is a process of promoting environs friendly practices by different banking activities. Bangladesh is a most climate qualify vulnerable country in the world and chiliad banking is a tool for acquiring reputation. Green bankers atomic number 18 concerned slightly sustainable development and it is a special agenda to take c ar of purlieu of the earth. Green banking is a proactive and effective step with a vision for future sustainability. Green banking activities be sustainable banking, ethical banking, yard m angiotensin-converting enzymey market account, smooth banking, waste management, remote deposit and green financing. Green banking focuses on green transformation of familiar operations of all banks.Bangladesh falls into the group of most climate change countries in the world comp arison with different developing and substantial countries. Bangladesh Bank issued green banking policy guideline in February 2011 to conduct environment friendly banking activities in the country. According to these guidelines, all financial institutions and banks need to take effective measures to conduct environment friendly banking activities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank issued a common underwriteing format to all commercial banks to report green banking activities in a structured way. Banks and other financial institutions take aim to submit a quarterly report to Bangladesh Bank on their performance of green banking activities. According to green banking policy of Bangladesh bank, banks have to congeal vision, mission and strategic planning covering in house green banking activities like fol first gear green architecture, use energy saving technologies, sink colony on grid power and green financing practices like providing green loan to promote solar energy, bio gas p lants, develop green banking products for clients, increase online and mobile banking etc.Rupali Bank Limited performs several green banking activities like in house environment management, green financing like installation of EFT, Bio gas plant, foundation of solar panel etc. Rupali Bank Limited also involves in green marketing activities to ensure environment friendly activities like plant tree, pay in environment friendly projects, pay bill via online, be paperless etc. impersonals of the studyThere have been some objectives set forward in doing this report. These objectives service of process to determine Banks green banking activities to maintain sustainable development growth. The objective of the report backside be divided into two parts-Broad ObjectiveTo identify the degree of green banking activities of Rupali BankTo identify the further scope of green banking activities for Rupali BankSpecific ObjectiveTo get an overall idea about the green banking policy and green ban king unitTo identify funds for green banking activities of Rupali Bank LimitedTo identify others green banking activities like online banking, in house environment management activities, incorporation of ERM, CSR activities, green financing, green marketing etcRationale of the studyClimate change is the most complicated issues in global world and Bangladesh is one of the most climate change vulnerable country in the world. Climate change has compelled us to think about protection of environment and conservation of energy. To reduce pollution and save energy, green banking activities ar very of import in Bangladesh as well as in the whole world. I have elect the topic titled Green Banking- Way to Sustainable Development An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited for providing overall ideas about green banking activities, green banking policy, green banking unit of Rupali Bank Limited. This study topic is very worthy of study because it provides guidelines of green banking activities, pro cedures and slipway to sustainable development in Bangladesh.Scope of the studyThis report has been prepared for determining green banking activities of Rupali bank and how it helps to increase sustainable growth. Overall knowledge of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited has been determined by this study. Several procedures and ways of sustainable growth are found by determining appropriate green banking activities of Rupali bank Limited. Further scope of green banking activities of Rupali bank ltd also critically analyzed in this study.Limitations of the studyAlmost every study report has to face some limitations in its completion. I also face some constraints to enlighten this report. These constraints are expound here.Time constraintsCovering the entire Green Banking performance of the bank was a difficult task within the succession allowed for the internship program. I have to complete this report within 5 to 6 weeks. So I have not included all aspects of green ba nking activities in this report.Lack of produce materialsI do not get available teaching about green banking activities in Rupali bank in their websites and personally contracted with their office. As a result this report is in lack of some specific culture about their green banking activities.Lack of jazzTo make a comprehensive report of green banking activities and determine ways to sustainable development, I require a great deal of experience and banking knowledge. As a BBA student, I do not have that kind of knowledge and experience.Organization of the reportThis report leave behind be described about overall activities, scope, problems and some possible resolves of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited. Introduction part describes rationale of the study, scope of the study and main limitations of this study. 2nd part is literature part and literature part is evaluative report of information found in the literature related to my selected area of the study Green b anking- Way to sustainable development an Evaluation on Rupali Bank limited.In methodology part of the report, I volition be provided an accurate description of the materials and procedures utilise to develop this study. This study will be both denary and qualitative study because different facts and figures are needed to discussed and analyzed here.Organizational overview is the next step of developing this study. In this stage, descriptions of Rupali bank limited like history, mission, vision, present conditions of bank will be provided.In Findings and discussion stage, the results of this study will be found in summary basis and this result will be presented descriptively by utilize tables, graphs or figures. In discussion section, I critically evaluate my findings and assess the accuracy, representativeness and significance of findings. Conclusion and recommendation part will be described the outcomes of this study and given some suggestions for further look for action to be taken.1 PageWhat Is peppy ground Learning? An EvaluationWhat Is Game Based Learning? An EvaluationMany people believe that sport is addictive and can lead to violence, a belief that is not substantiated by research. Researchers have shown that the rootage of behavioral problems of young people who play video games comes from elsewhere. One study found that people who play video games spend exclusively as to a greater extent time reading, doing homework or participating in other social activities as people who do not play games at all. This raises the question can video games be used for discipline in the class path and would they have confirmative results?When education starts to feel dull, we are not being engaged or motivated, which means we are not really learnedness. According to Foreman we can look at the lecture as an example. With all the technology being throw at young people today, they are going to say, why am I sitting in this lecture listening to this pers on? Learning is in force(p) not memorization it means the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. Students do not need to spend more time in the classroom to learn how to think and perform. They need effective, engaging experiences that can motivate them in the learning process. Educational games can be a stiff tool for teaching and learning. These games are used to reinforce learning, they offer immediate feedback, recurring gratification and prolong the interest of learners.Why it worksGame-based learning is a simple concept, where games are used as a learning tool to engage students. In Jane McGonigals book, a game is defined as an use that has goals, rules, a feedback system, and voluntary participation (pg 100). rough pedagogical considerations that are derived from game based learning are that content and/or skills can enhance learning vs. tralatitious methods Students can build their own games in order to learn and develop skills They can use game mechanics in th e learning environment, for example victimisation levels instead of grades, coined gamification of the learning process.In 2003 author, James Paul Gee wrote the book, and in it he described the opposition of cognitive development with game play. Gee developed 36 different learning principles that games being used in education should have. From these principles we can look at game based learning from two perspectives. The foremost is learning effectiveness. The second is engagement.When considering learning effectiveness, we can consider whether the game provides meaningful learning activity or whether the game is just a fun activity and does not necessarily lead to learning. We can look at what the learning outcomes are including memorization, knowledge, understanding, synthesis and creativity. For all these various learning outcomes, games can provide an enriched learning experience.The second perspective, the elements of engagement from Games Based Learning (GBL) we can ask doe s the game enhance learner motivation, does the game provide a fun learning experience? Is it interesting or is it a very tedious, boring learning experience? Does it add to learner assiduousness? Does it get the learners full attention? And finally learning by doing, games can provide an experience where the learner has to intensely engage in various activities.Where is it going?Over the last decade, research and interest in GBL has increased, as has the diversity of games themselves. Serious games and computer simulations offer an interesting context for learning because they both reinforce student motivation. Researchers found that students playing serious games or who participated in computer simulations were a lot more active as they manipulated objects. Students also had control over their actions and were more engaged in their learning. Researchers found that life force in the games increased motivation, and that students were more likely to return to activities that includ ed animated graphics. They also found that serious games support inductive, experiential learning, with a genuine constructivism approach. Online gaming provides a context for adaptive learning, because they allow for multiple personalized paths or itineraries. Communication among players also introduces a social aspect that opens doors to knowledge acquisition with peers. Challenged-based and collaborative games are an emerging category of games that seem curiously appropriate for higher education. These games allow students to use skills for research, collaboration, problem solving, writing, leadership, digital literacy and many more. They are open-ended and find in both online and non-digital forms. Games will undoubtedly evolve in the future and therefore GBL will also need to evolve, we are seeing new types of gaming, such as alternate reality games, social/mobile games, we are also seeing innovative new ways to use GBL.ConclusionGame-based learning has gained more traction in recent years and is becoming more accessible with many benefits. Game-based learning can make learning more situated, contextualized and personalized. GBL can be used for learning content and skills, including 21st century skills like innovative problem solving and collaboration. GBL can even be used for practicing and honing existing skills. Game based-learning engages students, and if students are engaged they will embrace learning rather than view it as a tedious boring learning experience.AC Voltammetry Principles, Advantages and DisadvantagesAC Voltammetry Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages let outTEH YU JIE (K)NOOR HASIRA BINTI SAMSUDINNUR NADIAH BINTI ABU BAKARNUR NIQMAH BINTI MUSANUR SYAHIRAH BINTI KHAIRUDDINKHANG EE WENINTRODUCTIONNobel Prize winning chemist Jaroslav Heyrovsk facilitated voltammetry by the discovery of polarography by in the year of 1922. Alternative on-line(prenominal) voltammetry was invented in 1950s and developed intensively by D.E Smith.Alte rnative true (AC) voltammetry is an accurate electroanalysis method and combination with preconcentration will enhance the sensitivities of this analytical techniques. AC Voltammetry generally involves in the application of a sinusodially oscillating capabilityity to an electrochemical substance cell. The AC experiment is used in conjunction with a fixed amplifier or frequency analyser which will increase sensibility considerably over the early described techniques. AC voltammetry can also reveal the important of mechanistic and kinetic information which is not easily available when using the tradition voltammetric techniques.Measurement of AC voltammetric is usually used in an electrochemical cell and the dominate mode of contain is diffusion. A steady DC signal or voltage sweep will lots combined with the AC voltage.The following figure shows a cyclical voltammetric signal with an AC perturbation. jump potential usually has a frequency of 50-100Hz and 10-20mV amplitude. The AC signal causes a perturbation in the line up concentration and DC potential ramp maintained the concentration. The resulting AC current is plotted against the potential. For example, voltammogram appears a peak, the potential of which is the same as the polarographic half-wave potential. At this region, the sinusoid has maximum impact on the surface concentration like on the current.For a reversible system, such a response is actually the derivative of the DC polarographic response. The concentration of the analyte is proportional to the height of the AC voltammetric peak and for a reversible reaction to the square root of the frequency (), the term is the amplitude.WORKING PRINCIPLEAC Voltammetry typically involves the application of a sinusodially oscillating voltage to a electrochemical cell. When used in conjuction in the ac experiment with a lock in amplifier or frequency analyser. It offers a considerably increased sensitivity compared to the early described techniques. It can also reveal necessary mechanistic and kinetic information that are not easily available by using some other tradition voltammetric techniques.Usually, diffusion is perfomed as it was the dominate mode of transport. The AC voltage is often combined with either a steady DC signal or voltage sweep.There are three member steps involved in an electrochemical process, mass transport,chemical and adsorption steps and electron impartation. They all are actually contribute to the total potential drop across the cell. If an AC current flows, it will be necessary to distinguish purely ohmic resistance from non-ohmic, mingled and normally frequency dependent resistance(often term impedance).Besides,treatment of the AC response of electrochemical cells will follow the pathway with initially a general treatment. The treatment of the two simpler cases of purely diffusion controlled and purely electrochemically controlled reactions will be conducted.Under AC measurements,there are 5 methodsI nfluence of transport processes on the ac impedances of an electrochemical cell.Equivalent circuit for an electrode-diffusion-limited reaction.(the circuit elements describing the flow of ac current through an electrode comprises an electron transfer resistance,R and Warburg impedance,Z in series.AC impedance of an electrode where the electron transfer process is rate limiting.Logarithmic or bode plot representations.Electrode reactions under mixed controlAlternating current bridges use the principle of balance between the variable impendance, ZS and an electrochemical cell under study. An electrode process normally consists of a resistance RS in series with a capacitance CS.The resistance includes the resistive helpings of the electrode process of the resultant and the capacitance is due to the working electrode. A combination of capacitance and resistance has been used in parallel. The analysis is more carried out in these conditions in terms of admittance Y=1/ZPotentiostat is m ore convenient to use when it is important to apply a d.c potential to the cell in addition to the a.c perturbation. Potentiostat is simultaneously applies the d.c potential and the detection rather than conventional detector. It is good stability in the use potential and accuracy for wide range of frequencies while the electronic component of the potentiostat is only limited by these characteristics. This arrangement is known as a potentiostatic bridge.The accuracy of bridges at high frequencies are depends on cell design. This is due to the ions are moving faster than the time needed for rearrangement of the ionic atmosphere and occur above 10 MHZ . The technique is actually very similar to the normal frequencies but it was also time consuming.This technique also has a disfavour such as the impendance of the whole cell is measured. In the investigation of electrode process the disadvantage when one is interested in the properties of one of electrode. By using an supplemental el ectrode with an area large congeneric to that electrode, it is possible to reduce the contribution of the unwanted components.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAC Voltammetry is one of the techniques based on the analysis of faradaic impedance. A low-amplitude sinusoidal voltage is given to the working electrode, which is also established at some DC voltage with regard to the reference electrode. Because of the difference in the time scale, the AC component of the total current can be readily differentiated from the DC component. The kinetic parameters can be carried out either from the amplitude of each current or from the figure angle between the AC current and AC voltage (C.G Zoski, 2007).The significant advantage of AC Voltammetry is that it allows relatively easy evaluation of the solution resistance and double layer capacity. Without simplifying assumptions the analysis of faradaic impedance even for a simple response is quite complicated. The commonly used assumption is that the DC and as components of the total current can be uncoupled is reasonable because AC Voltammetry is typically applied to measure fast electrode kinetics.The other advantage of voltammetry as quantitative method of analysis is its capability for analyzing two or more analytes in a single test. As long as the components behave independently, the resulting voltammetry for a multi component mixture is a summation of their respective individual voltammograms.Voltammetry has been used for the quantitative analysis of a wide variety of samples, including environmental samples, clinical samples, pharmaceutical formulations, steels, gasoline, and oil.Some advantages and disadvantages are specified in the form of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity. The accuracy of a voltammetric analysis usually is limited by ability to correct for residual currents, particularly those due to charging. For an analyte at the parts-per-million level, an accuracy of 13% is routine. Accuracy decreas es when analysing samples with significantly smaller concentrations of analyte. Precision is generally limited by the uncertainty in measure the limiting current or the peak current. Under most conditions, a precision of 13% is reasonable. One exception is the analysis of ultra track down analytes in complex matrices by baring Voltammetry, in which the precision may be as poor as 25%.In many voltammetric experiments, we can improve the sensitivity by adjusting the experimental conditions. For example, in stripping voltammetry we can improve sensitivity by increasing the deposition time, by increasing the rate of the linear potential scan, or by using a differential coefficient-pulse technique. One reason that potential pulse techniques are popular is that they provide an improvement in current relative to a linear potential scan.Lastly, selectivity in voltammetry is determined by the difference between half-wave potentials or peak potentials, with a minimum difference of 0.20.3 V for a linear potential scan and 0.040.05 V for differential pulse voltammetry. We often can improve the selectivity by adjusting solution conditions. The addition of a complexion legend, for example, can substantially shift the potential where a species are oxidized or reduced to a potential where it no longer interferes with the determination of an analyte. Other solution parameters, such as pH, also can be used to improve selectivity ( D.Harvey,2000).COMPARISON OF AC VOLTAMMETRY WITH OTHER TYPES OF VOLTAMMETRYVoltammetry is a category for electro analytical method for the most part used in analytical chemistry and various industry processes. Consist a lot of example of voltammetry that been used such linear sweep voltammetry, stairway voltammetry, square wave voltammetry.Others example like cyclic voltammetry consist of method that can be used to determine diffusion coefficient and half-cell reduction potentials. Anodic stripping voltammetry are also the example of voltammetry th at are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of metal cations. Then, cathodic stripping voltammetry are also as example of this voltammetry that are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of anions.Other than that, adsorptive stripping voltammetry is a quantitative and analytical method for trace analysis. Alternating current voltammetry and polarography in example of voltammetry that polarography is a subclass of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode that useful for its wide cathodic range.Lastly, rotated electrode voltammetry is a hydrodynamic technique in which the working electrode. This technique is useful for studying the kinetics and electrochemical reaction mechanism for a half reaction. Then, the normal pulse voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry.RESEARCH IN AC VOLTAMMETRYAc voltammetry is a method that seldom used on the determination of elemental elements. In general principle, the determ inations are usually done is a more conventional way, that is by connecting two electron reversible electrochemical process. During the process, the mercury is oxidized to form mercury (II) ions and the electrode surface will formed at the electrode surface.In this research, we will be analyzing elemental sulfur with AC voltammetry. Generally speaking, the elemental sulfur will undergo the chemical pretreatment. For example, the process with solvent such as ethanol and toluene-methanol or methanol-pyridine. The process involved mostly organic solvent. Why the process is carried out with pretreatment but not direct determination? This is because the aqueous solutions mostly contain too less elemental sulfur to be determined.To overcome the problem, some scientist suggest that using acidification of sample to pH 5 and then with electrochemical treatment. The method itself has a higher detection rates compared to the previous one, but actually still too low for economical values.Accord ing to Batuna (1992), they try to determine the elemental sulfur by using direct determination method. And the source is natural water. The researchers are conducting the research using phase sensitive ac voltammetry because the instrument is easier to be found in the laboratory in the authors lab.The research continues with using a PAR forge 303A static mercury drop electrode from EG G Princeton Applied Research. It was connected to a BAS-100A electrochemical analyser from Bioanalytical System that located in the West Lafayatte. They used a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl and an auxillary electrode of platinum. The instrument takes the measurement at 80 Hz and a modulation scan rate of 1 mV s-1. The temperature of the conditions was at room temperature. The solutions were deaerated for 15 minutes by using nitrogen gas and then doubly distilled and filtered with the Milli-Q filter. All measurement was actually made at the pH 10 to prevent the formation of volatile H2S.The stock sol ution was prepared from using the reaction between elemental sulfur and toluene. The solutions have to be prepared just before the measurements were made. This is because to prevent contamination and more complete reaction can be conducted.PAR Model 303A static mercury drop electrodeRESULTSThe determination of sulphide in aqueous solution are based on the insoluble mercury (II) sulphide during the accumulation period at potential more positive than ca- 0.58V.Hg + S2- HgS + 2eA and B were showing the typical ac voltammogram of sulphide in 0.5 moldm-3 NaCl-NaOH. C is a negative going scans of 110-6 moldm-3 after 0-300s accumulation at a potential 0.5V. D shows that positive going scans of 110-4 moldm-3 sulphide after 0-120s accumulation at a potential at 0.8 V.The difference between the peaks obtained using negative- and positive-going scan directions are more favor to the negative direction. It is also important to note that there is actually no effect of accumulation under conditio ns on the peak height obtained with a positive-gong scan . This agrees well with the explanation that during the positive-going scan, the anodlc dissolution of mercury occurs, which is proportional to the adsorbed sulphlde on the mercury electrode.REFERENCESZoski,C., (2007), Handbook of Electrochemistry, Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam Netherland, pg 645.,Retrieved at 15/3/2014. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.my/books?id=2g5GJtBFwo0Cpg=PA645lpg=PA645dq=difference+between+ac+and+dc+voltammetrysource=blots=0PAeXF0kMSsig=ops4MLGzE7IfXoO2lN1p73jt4Aohl=ensa=Xei=XQknU_PeJsnIiAfXx4CQCgredir_esc=yv=onepageqf=falseHarvey, D., (2000), Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hills, United States of America, pg 508-527.Jurgen, (2003). Cyclic Voltammetry-Electrochemical spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie 23(11),831918.Retrieved from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.v2311/issuetocCarl,H, Andrew,V., (1998),Electrochemical Methods, primitive and application(2 ed.) pg 236-242Brett,M. ,Oliveria,B.(1993),Electrochemistry Principles,Methods and Applications pg 225-227.Nikola , B. ,(1992)., Determination of elemental sulphur, sulphide and their mixtures in electrolyte solutions by a.c. voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 267(1), 157-164. Retrieved at 5/3/2014. Retrieved from http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003267092850182Wang J. (2006).,Analytical Electrochemistry (3rd ed.). Hoboken, United States John Wiley Sons, IncAC voltammetry. (n.d.)., from University of Cambridge. Center for research in electrochemical science and technology Retrieved March 9, 2014.,Retrieved from http//www.cheng.cam.ac.uk/research/groups/electrochem/JAVA/electrochemistry/ELEC/l6html/cvac.html